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1 Maiman laser
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Maiman laser
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2 Maiman laser
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3 Maiman laser
Техника: рубиновый лазер -
4 laser
сокр. от light amplification by stimulated emission of radiationлазер, оптический квантовый генератор-
acousto-optically tunable laser
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acquisition laser
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actively mode-locked laser
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actively locked laser
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actively stabilized laser
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agile beam laser
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alignment laser
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all-chemical laser
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alpha-particle laser
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amorphous laser
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amplified spontaneous emission laser
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anisotropic laser
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anorganic vapor laser
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arc-driven laser
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argon laser
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astigmatic laser
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asymmetric laser
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atomic beam laser
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avalanche discharge laser
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avalanche injection laser
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avalanche laser
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axially excited laser
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beam-expanded laser
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bimorph laser
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bistable laser
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black-body pumped laser
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black-body laser
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bomb-pumped laser
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Brewster-angled laser
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broadband laser
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broadband tunable laser
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broad-spectral-width laser
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buried heterostructure laser
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buried laser
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buried optical guide laser
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burst laser
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carbon dioxide laser
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cascaded laser
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catalac free electron laser
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cataphoresis pumping laser
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cavity laser
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chain-reaction laser
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channel-guide laser
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chemical transfer laser
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chemically etched groove-coupled lasers
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chemically excited laser
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chirped laser
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chopped laser
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circulating liquid laser
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cleaved laser
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cleaved mirror laser
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cleaved-coupled-cavity laser
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coherence brightened laser
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cold laser
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color center laser
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combustion-heated gas-dynamic laser
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communication laser
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composite-rod laser
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compression laser
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condensed explosive laser
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continuous laser
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continuously excited laser
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continuously operating laser
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continuously pumped laser
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continuously running laser
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continuously tunable laser
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continuous-wave laser
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controlled frequency laser
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controlled linewidth laser
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convective laser
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coolable slab laser
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cooled laser
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corner cube laser
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corrugated laser
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coupled-cavity laser
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coupled-waveguide laser
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coupling-modulated laser
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crescent-shaped laser
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crescent laser
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cross-beam laser
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cross-field laser
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current modulated laser
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current-tuned laser
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current-wave laser
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degenerate laser
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detonation gas-dynamic laser
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diffraction-coupled laser
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diffraction-limited laser
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diffraction-stabilized laser
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diffused homojunction laser
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diffused laser
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digitalized scan laser
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digitally modulated laser
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dimer laser
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diode laser
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diode-pumped laser
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directly modulated laser
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discontinuously tuned laser
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distributed laser
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dithered ring laser
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double mode-locked laser
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double-beam laser
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double-carrier-confined laser
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double-doped laser
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double-heterojunction laser
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double-heterostructure laser
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double-mode laser
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double-pulse laser
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double-quantum laser
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dual-beam laser
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dual-cavity laser
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dual-line laser
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dye laser
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dynamic-single-mode laser
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electrically excited laser
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electric-discharge laser
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electrogenerated chemiluminescence dye laser
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electroionization laser
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electron injection laser
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electron transition laser
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electron-beam-controlled discharge laser
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electron-beam-driven laser
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electronic laser
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electrooptically modulated laser
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electrooptically tuned laser
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embedded heterostructure laser
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end-pumped laser
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energy-storage laser
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epitaxial laser
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etalon-controlled laser
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evanescent-field pumped laser
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excimer laser
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exciplex laser
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excited-state dimer laser
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exciton laser
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explosion laser
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explosion-heated gas-dynamic laser
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explosively driven laser
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external-cavity controlled laser
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externally modulated laser
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face-pumped laser
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face-pump laser
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fagot laser
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fast axial flow laser
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fast Q-switched laser
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F-center laser
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fiber cavity laser
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fiber laser
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fiber-tailed laser
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film laser
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fixed frequency laser
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flame-pumped laser
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flame laser
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flashlamp-excited laser
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flowing-gas laser
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fluid laser
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forced mode-locked laser
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free electron laser
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free-running laser
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frequency selective laser
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frequency-chirped laser
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frequency-controlled laser
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frequency-locked laser
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frequency-modulated laser
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frequency-multiplied laser
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frequency-narrowed laser
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frequency-switchable laser
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frequency-tuned laser
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front-end discharge laser
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fundamental mode laser
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gain-guided laser
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gain-switched laser
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gallium arsenide laser
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gamma-ray laser
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gamma-ray-pumped laser
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gas laser
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gas-discharge laser
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gas-dynamic laser
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gaseous laser
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gas-transport laser
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giant-pulse laser
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glass laser
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graded-index laser
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grating-controlled laser
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heat-pumped laser
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helium-diluted laser
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helium-neon laser
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heterojunction laser
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high-coherence laser
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high-energy laser
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highly coherent laser
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high-power laser
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high-radiance laser
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homogeneously broadened laser
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homojunction laser
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impact ionization laser
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index-guided laser
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infrared laser
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inhomogeneously broadened laser
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injection laser
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injection-locked laser
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intensity-modulated laser
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internally doubled laser
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internally scanned laser
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intracavity-doubled laser
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ion laser
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ionization-assisted laser
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ionized laser
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isochronous storage ring laser
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Javan's laser
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jet-stream dye laser
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junction laser
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kink-free laser
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Lamb-dip stabilized laser
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laser-pumped laser
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lattice-matched laser
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length-modulated laser
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length-optimized laser
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lens-coupled laser
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lens-like laser
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light-emitting-diode-pumped laser
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light-pumped laser
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line selectable laser
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line-center stabilized laser
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line-narrowed laser
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liquid laser
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locked laser
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locking laser
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longitudinal excited laser
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long-wavelength laser
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low-coherence laser
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low-divergence laser
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lower energy state depletion laser
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low-power pumped laser
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low-threshold laser
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magnetically confined ion laser
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magnetic-field-tuned laser
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Maiman laser
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master laser
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mesa-stripe laser
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metallic-vapor laser
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Michelson-type laser
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microwave laser
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microwave-excited laser
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microwave-modulated laser
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microwave-pumped laser
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millimeter wave laser
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millimeter laser
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mirrorless laser
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mode-controlled laser
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mode-coupled laser
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mode-dumped laser
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mode-dump laser
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mode-limited laser
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mode-locked laser
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mode-selected laser
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mode-stabilized laser
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modulated laser
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modulating laser
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molecularly stabilized laser
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monomode laser
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monopulse laser
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multibeam laser
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multichip laser
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multifold laser
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multiline laser
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multiline selected laser
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multimode laser
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multiphoton laser
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multiple quantum-well laser
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multiple-host laser
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multiple-pulse laser
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multiple-stripe laser
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mutually quenched injection lasers
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narrow-band laser
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narrow-linewidth laser
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narrow-spectral-width laser
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Nd-glass laser
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Nd-YAG laser
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needle laser
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noble-gas ion laser
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noncavity laser
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non-mode-locked laser
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non-Q-switched laser
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nonstorage laser
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nonzero linewidth laser
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nuclear-activated laser
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nuclear-charged self-sustaining laser
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nuclear-pumped laser
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off-resonant pumped laser
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offset laser
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one-way laser
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operating laser
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optically coupled lasers
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optically excited laser
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parallel-plate laser
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partially mode-locked laser
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passively mode-locked laser
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passively stabilized laser
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phase conjugate laser
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phase-locked laser
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phase-modulated mode-locked laser
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phonon-terminated laser
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phosphor laser
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photochemical laser
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photoinitiated laser
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photon preionization laser
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photon-terminated laser
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photopreionized laser
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photopumped laser
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pigtailed laser
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pin laser
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pinch-discharge-pumped laser
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planar stripe contact laser
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plasmon laser
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platelet laser
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pointing laser
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polarization laser
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polarization-modulated laser
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preionization laser
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pressure-tuned laser
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prism dye laser
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prism-tunable laser
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pulsed laser
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pulse laser
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pulse-pumped laser
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pulsing laser
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pumping laser
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pump laser
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pyrotechnically pumped laser
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Q-spoiled laser
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quantum-well laser
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quenched laser
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quencher laser
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radioactive preionization laser
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Raman laser
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rare-earth-doped laser
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recombination laser
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reference laser
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refractive index guided laser
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resonantly pumped laser
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RF-excited laser
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ring laser
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room-temperature laser
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rotation laser
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ruby crystal laser
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ruby laser
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self-contained laser
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self-focused laser
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self-locked laser
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self-mode-locking laser
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selfoc laser
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self-sustained discharge laser
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semiconductor laser
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separate-confinement laser
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shock-tube laser
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shock-wave-driven laser
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single-heterojunction laser
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single-mode laser
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single-mode pumped laser
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single-pulse laser
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single-quantum well laser
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single-stage laser
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single-transition laser
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slave laser
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slotted cathode laser
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solar-powered laser
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solar-simulator-pumped laser
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solid-state laser
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solid laser
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soliton laser
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spark-initiated laser
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spectrally narrow laser
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spectrally scanning laser
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spiked laser
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spikeless laser
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spiking laser
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stability enhanced laser
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step-tunable laser
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storage laser
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storage-ring laser
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streamer laser
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stripe-contact laser
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stripe laser
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subsonic laser
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sun-pumped laser
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superficial laser
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superlattice laser
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supermode laser
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superradiant laser
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supersonic laser
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surface laser
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surface-wave-pumped laser
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swept laser
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symmetric laser
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synchronously pumped dye laser
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tandem laser
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tapered stripe laser
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telescope-expanded laser
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temperature-controlled laser
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temperature-stabilized laser
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temperature-tunable laser
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terraced-substrate laser
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thermally controlled laser
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thermally excited laser
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thermally stabilized laser
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thermally tuned laser
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time-sharing two-frequency laser
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torch laser
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transfer chemical laser
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transverse discharge laser
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transverse flow laser
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transverse-junction stripe laser
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transversely excited laser
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traveling-wave laser
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triode laser
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tunable laser
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twin-cavity laser
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two-excimer laser
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two-mode laser
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two-photon laser
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two-photon-pumped laser
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two-pulse laser
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ultraviolet laser
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unidirectional laser
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vibrational transition laser
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vibration-rotation laser
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volume-excited laser
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waveguide laser
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waveguide-coupled laser
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wavelength-tunable laser
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white laser
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wide-aperture laser
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X-ray laser
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X-ray preionized laser
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zero linewidth laser
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zigzag laser -
5 Maiman, Theodore Harold
[br]b. 11 July 1927 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American physicist who developed the laser.[br]The son of an electrical engineer, Theodore H. Maiman graduated with the degree of BS in engineering physics from the University of Colorado in 1949. He then went on to do postgraduate work at Stanford University, where he gained an MS in electrical engineering in 1951 and a PhD in physics in 1955 for work on spectroscopy using microwave-optical techniques. He then joined the Hughes Research Laboratories, where he worked on the stimulated emission of microwave energy. In this field Charles H. Townes had developed the maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) and in a paper in 1958 with Arthur L. Schawlow he had suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies, or, of an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Maiman was the first to achieve this when in May 1960 he operated a ruby laser and coherent light was produced for the first time. In 1962 he founded his own company, Korad Corporation, for research, development and manufacture of high-power lasers. He founded Maiman Associates in 1968, acting as consultant on lasers and optics. He was a co-founder of the Laser Video Corporation in 1972, and in 1976 he became Vice-President for advanced technology at TRW Electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1962. American Electrical Society/American Astronautical Society Award 1965. American Physical Society Oliver E.Buckley Solid State Physics Prize 1966. Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Award for Applied Physical Science 1966. American Optical Society R.W.Wood Prize 1976.Bibliography1980, entry in McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 2, New York, pp. 271–2 (autobiographical).RTSBiographical history of technology > Maiman, Theodore Harold
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6 рубиновый лазер
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7 рубиновый лазер
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > рубиновый лазер
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8 рубиновый лазер
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > рубиновый лазер
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9 рубиновый лазер
1) Medicine: ruby laser3) Engineering: Maiman laser, ruby crystal laser4) Astronautics: ruby optical maser5) Laser medicine: microsecond-pulsed ruby laser -
10 Schawlow, Arthur Leonard
[br]b. 5 May 1921 Mount Vernon, New York, USA[br]American physicist involved in laser-spectroscopy research.[br]When Arthur L.Schawlow was 3 years old his family moved to Canada: it was in Toronto that he received his education, graduating from the University of Toronto with a BA in physics in 1941. He was awarded an MA in 1942, taught classes for military personnel at the University until 1944 and worked for a year on radar equipment. He returned to the University of Toronto in 1945 to carry out research on optical spectroscopy and received his PhD in 1949. From 1949 to 1951 he held a postgraduate fellowship at Columbia University, where he worked with Charles H. Townes on microwave spectroscopy. From 1951 to 1961 he was a research physicist at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, working mainly on superconductivity, but he maintained his association with Townes, who had pioneered the maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In a paper published in Physical Review in December 1958, Townes and Schawlow suggested the possibility of a development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In 1960 the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman. In 1960 Schawlow returned to Columbia University as a visiting professor and in the following year was appointed Professor of Physics at Stanford University, where he continued his researches in laser spectroscopy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1981. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1962. Institute of Physics of London Thomas Young Medal and Prize 1963. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Memorial Prize 1964. Optical Society of America Frederick Ives Medal 1976. Honorary degrees from the State University of Ghent, the University of Bradford and the University of Toronto.BibliographySchawlow is the author of many scientific papers and, with Charles H.Townes, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 930–3 (contains a short biography).RTSBiographical history of technology > Schawlow, Arthur Leonard
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11 Townes, Charles Hard
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 28 July 1915 Greenville, South Carolina, USA[br]American physicist who developed the maser and contributed to the development of the laser.[br]Charles H.Townes entered Furman University, Greenville, at the early age of 16 and in 1935 obtained a BA in modern languages and a BS in physics. After a year of postgraduate study at Duke University, he received a master's degree in physics in 1936. He then went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained a PhD in 1939. From 1939 to 1947 he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, mainly on airborne radar, although he also did some work on radio astronomy. In 1948 he joined Columbia University as Associate Professor of Physics and in 1950 was appointed a full professor. He was Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory from 1950 to 1952, and from 1952 to 1955 he was Chairman of the Physics Department.To meet the need for an oscillator generating very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, Townes in 1951 realized that use could be made of the different natural energy levels of atoms and molecules. The practical application of this idea was achieved in his laboratory in 1953 using ammonia gas to make the device known as a maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser was developed in the next few years and in 1958, in a joint paper with his brother-in-law Arthur L. Schawlow, Townes suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Two years later the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman.In 1959 Townes was given leave from Columbia University to serve as Vice-President and Director of Research at the Institute for Defense Analyses until 1961. He was then appointed Provost and Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967 he became University Professor of Physics at the University of California, where he has extended his research interests in the field of microwave and infra-red astronomy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Astronomical Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1964. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London. President, American Physical Society 1967. Townes has received many awards from American and other scientific societies and institutions and honorary degrees from more than twenty universities.BibliographyTownes is the author of many scientific papers and, with Arthur L.Schawlow, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).1980, entry, McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 3, New York, pp. 227– 8 (autobiography).1991, entry, The Nobel Century, London, p. 106 (autobiography).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 1,071–3 (contains a short biography).RTS
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